A Public Kiosk In Connection With The 2012 Olympics (Report) Essay

A Public Kiosk In Connection With The 2012 Olympics (Report) - Essay Example The kiosks eliminate some of the volume at information booths, while also helping reduce foot traffic flow issues created when visitors are undecided or are lost. They are not designed for huge profit, though users will have an option to print a map to take with them for 2 euros. The real advantage of a kiosk is to promote self-service among consumers and provide them with a higher level of service† (Sweeney). The kiosks will be used for the first time by London Olympic Games officials, as a test for future games and events. Our company receives a stipend for design and development costs. Physical machines are provided by a kiosk designer/supplier. The vending machine systems used to collect coins will be installed by a London vending company. Depending on the success of this project, future contracts may be realized by our company and the others involved in putting the kiosks together. Visitors will use one of four kiosk terminals in one of four locations, to obtain event and location information at specific hours. They will have the option of printing the on screen map to share with others in their party or to save time that would be required to return to the kiosk to obtain forgotten information again. Visitors will be able to select one of nineteen languages from the main screen. The next screen will ask for more input information of event or hour. Output display will provide the desired event and all others held at that hour.

The American Holocaust Essay Example for Free

The American Holocaust Essay This text really showed the huge downfall of the Native American people. I had no idea that there were so many Native American Indians before the Europeans came. All texts I read seemed to downplay or not list the number of them here. It says in the text, North and South America contained between 90,000,000 and more than 112,000,000 people before the coming of the Spanish. That was compared to only 60 million to 70 million in Europe. The diseases really wiped out what seemed to be great civilizations of people. It also surprises me that people tried to justify invading and capturing these people even very recently, within the lifetime of my parents. It is sad hearing how much people hated races that they knew very little about but also encouraging that people have changed over recent years to be more understanding of them. The authors term of moral epistemology of imperialism is the original thinking that justified colonizing the Americas originally. The major historians of the time and for a great amount of time after were European. This made it easy to write books and shape history to make it look like they were doing the right thing. They were colonizing knowledge but putting their spin on it, people would only learn what the white scholars of the time wanted people to learn. Epistemic violence was forcing the European epistemology on the rest of the world, in this case the Native Americans. The Spanish used a combination of military force along with disease and the cruelest forms of death to completely cripple the Native American empires. After some time, the Natives just stopped fighting back because they were mentally broken (as well as physically). The author says, When there were among prisoners some women who had recently given birth, if the newborn babes happen to cry, they seized them by the legs and hurled them against the rocks or flung them into the jungle so they would be certain to die there and also says, In the face of utter hopelessness, the Indians began simply surrendering their lives. Some committed suicide. This form of pacifism gave the Spaniards anything and everything they wanted in the New World without really having to fight anymore after a time. The author says, the term the Spanish used to describe their campaign of terror, pacification. When disease or force of arms werent enough, like against the  Aztecs, the Spanish were simply able to out smart the Native Americans and find other ways to take what they wanted. To the various competing Indian polities at the time the Spanish were simply another group, albeit an alien one, seeking to gain political dominance in central Mexico. As such, although the first people the Spanish confronted, the Tlaxcaltecs, could easily have defeated the conquistadors, they saw in them instead potential confederates against their tradition adversaries. The Church didnt do anything to stop this. They consider non-Christians, and more specifically Natives, sub-human so the Spanish conquerors didnt feel bad doing what they did. This text shows the need for more critical thinking in the field of religion by telling us how many skewed views of history there are. There needs to be more study with un-biased views on minority religions. The author gave multiple examples of people who wrote books and still showed an extreme bias against the Native Americans. This text shows a real similarity between Africa and Native Americans. Both had complex civilizations that were taken over and colonized by Europeans. It is amazing how similar both are in that disease and a superiorly equipped European army caused the downfall of some great empires.

Great Chicago Fire Essay -- American History

Great Chicago Fire I have no passion or desire to write about a thunderous destruction of a city or the death of hundreds of people. Yes, I have no connection to this topic, besides my home being 30 minutes from downtown Chicago, but that does not mean that this fire does not pertain to me or anyone who lives in a completely different state for that matter. So, just because I have never experienced a disaster of this magnitude does not mean that my lips should stay shut regarding the topic of the Great Chicago Fire. What must be done is to look at events and, for that matter, life in a certain perspective that is not always one-sided. This one-sidedness can come from focusing on a particular outcome without realizing what else can come from that desired outcome. The Great Chicago Fire occurred during October 8th and 9th of 1871. The weeks leading up to this disaster were spent with an extremely watchful eye on the city due to the lack of rain. So, one spark or one small fire could start an extremely large fire because of how much wood had been used to build the city. There were even warnings given in form of a building inspection department idea that would inform the city that the buildings were â€Å"shoddily constructed firetraps†, according to the Tribune at the time. However, the city did nothing about the proposed problem of a dangerous fire breakout and paid the price. It came to the evening of October 8th, 1871 and the table had been set. It is still unclear how the fire had started because one newspaper claimed that a cow kicked over a lantern to start a barn on fire. However, that newspaper retracted their claims when charges of slander surfaced. The fact of the matter is, it started on t... ...ou are not heading down the life path that you had wanted since you were young. You would have a chance to go ahead and change your life and your happiness simply because you got canned. Obviously, if you did not get fired you would not have had that chance to sit back and realize your life is sliding away in the wrong direction. Indeed, that is a very extreme example of how this question would apply to everyday life, but it works with those events of the simplest nature too. If one looks at disasters in this way, it is much easy for it to be rationalized. How do people who do not believe in a God and its plan for everyone deal with the fact that so many people perished from one act. There is no good reason for mass amounts of people to die, but if something greater comes from it regarding the well-being of many more people it makes it more bearable.

Dynamics of Coalition Politics in India Essay

The most crucial problem that Indian democracy faces today is the political instability at Central level and state levels. The instability mounted as no single party getting a clear cut majority in forming the government due to the fractured political opinion of the electorate and swindling of multi –party system. Coalition politics has become an essential feature of present day Indian democracy. Theorizing politics of coalition in a polity of India’s size, diversity, and complexity is difficult task. Yet an attempt has been made in this study to make theoretical sense of Indian politics. The collapse of the national parties and mushroom growth of the regional political parties have forced India into the coalition mode. Due to the gradual decline of the congress dominance and presence of any viable alternative coalition building efforts has become inevitable. National Front 1989, the United Front of 1996, National Democratic Alliance of 1998, and the United Progressive Alliance of 2004 and 2009 were unavoidable and indispensable for the Indian democracy. In Indian federal structure, states are performing as a unit of central government and deal with subjects having direct, immediate, and intimate impact on the fortunes of the citizens. Therefore the study also attempts to answer the question whether the coalition framework in the context of Indian politics is good or bad for the country. At one extreme, there is always â€Å"the pride about majority governments† and at the other extreme, â€Å"the prejudice against coalition politics†. The balanced view, however, seems to have been the agreement that, â€Å"it should not be taken for granted that coalition governments, whether their type and stage of growth, are per se dysfunctional to nation building and effective administration, all the more because we are still travelling on the way to coalition making and there are several patterns of coalition politics in the country†. Hence, the question is not that â€Å"coalition governments are superior to majority governments or vice-versa†. What is to be done instead is to have an â€Å"empirical enquiry into the dynamics of coalition politics to replace normative myths with realistic formulations in regard to the efficiency of coalitional experiments in India. â€Å"Till then we should not come to any conclusion whether coalition politics is good or bad, and that coalitional politics and political development†. Presently, the decision makers, administrators, political and social scientists, and the citizens at large have been paying big attention to coalition politics. This attention has been arising due to political instability of the country because of the infighting among the coalition partners. Jayalalitha in 1998 and Giridhar Gamango in 1999 were responsible for the collapse of the coalition government at the centre. The country was forced to hold unwarranted elections. Both Jayalalitha and Gamango posed a great liability for the national exchequer. The citizens in general, are always in favour of a government who provides political stability. However, politicians and legislators have almost lost their trustworthiness, in the eyes of the people, due to their failure in providing stable governments. But the politicians defend themselves by changing the responsibility to the fractured verdict of the voters at the hustings. but both the people and politicians are equally responsible for the political instability of the country or in any state. Politicians are more responsible for such a political situation, because they have yet to institutionalize the coalition politics on a sound basis at the national as well as state level. Without giving true attention to this grave problem the politicians taking advantage of the hung parliament and hung state assemblies have resorted to unhealthy practices of horse-trading and floor crossing, in spite of the Tenth Schedule to the constitution of India. Therefore, institutionazing the coalition politics at the state and national level is the necessity of the day for political stability and development of the country. Definition of Coalition:- The term ‘coalition’ is derived from the Latin word ‘coalitio† which is The veral substantive of coalescere which means to grow together. However, as actually used, it somewhat belies it nominal meaning, ‘for the units or the elements brought into combination by a coalition very seldom grow together in any leteral sense. According to the dictionary meaning coalition means an act of coalescing, or uniting into one body: a union of persons, states: alliance. In the strict Political sense the word coalition is used for ‘alliance or temporary union into a single government of distinct parties or members of distinct parties3 In other words, it – ‘commonly denotes a cooperative arrangement under which istinct political parties, or at all events members of such parties u ~ t to form a government or mini~try’~ What is political coalition or Political alliance? Political coalition or political alliance is an agreement for cooperation between different political parties on common political agenda, often for purposes of contesting an election to mutually benefit by collectively clearing election th ree holds or otherwise benefiting from characteristics of the voting system or for government formation after elections. A coalition government is a cabinet of a parliamentary government in which several parties cooperate. The usual reason given for this arrangement is that no party on its own can achieve a majority in the parliament. In such times, parties have formed all-party coalitions (national unity governments, grand coalitions). If a coalition collapses a confidence vote is held or a motion of no confidence is taken. Coalition politics: A Theoretical Framework:- In a federal system, the states are affected and in turn affect the national system. While a proper understanding of the Indian political system depends to a very great extent on the assessment of political development in the states which are constituent units of the larger political system are conditioned by the nature of national politics. In appreciation of this mutual interacting role, the study of state government and politics is becoming popular. Coalition politics is another notable feature of the Indian party system, which affects both the centre and the state. In spite of the fact that the subject of coalitions is not of recent origin, it has not entrenched itself as a part of the literature on political science especially with regard to a theoretical understanding of the concept. In India, the study of coalitions is of recent origin though the play a major role in the politics of India. Both the executive branch and the legislative branch of the government are run by the representatives of the political parties who have been elected through developments of the last two to Three decades have witnessed an upsurge in the writings on coalition politics. The Encyclopedia of social science (1972) has made an attempt to give a technical meaning through social scientists like William H. Riker and William A. Gamson. In the opinion of William H. Riker â€Å"The word coalition has long been used in Ordinary English to refer to group of people who come together (usually on temporary basis) to attain some end. Typically, a coalition has been regarded as a parliamentary or political grouping less permanent than a party or faction or an interest group. William A Gamson writes that, â€Å"coalition† to mean the joint use of resource is some weight such that some critical quantity of it in the control of two or more parties to the decision is both necessary and sufficient to determine its outcome. Participants will be said to be using their resources jointly only if they co-ordinate their deployment of resources with respect to some decision. As like any other democracy, political parties represent different sections among the Indian society and regions, and their core values the elections. Through the electoral process, the people of India choose which majority in the lower house; a government can be formed by that party or the coalition. Hypothesis: Coalition government does definitely provide a good and prosperous option at centre to form a government in India. Coalitions in India are likely to be inherently unstable unless there is minimum programmatic compatibility. Coalition is complementary to democratic processes, articulated not only in the ritualistic participation of the people in an election, but also in there day-to –day participation in governmental activities. In this fundamental sense, coalitions are unavoidable, and cannot be wished away as a mere ripple. Methodology: Descriptive and analytical methodology has been adopted. The study will be with a reference to the electoral politics of India mainly centred. Coalition politics in India: For most of the years since independence, the federal government has been led by the Indian national congress (INC), Politics in The states have been dominated by several national parties including the INC, the Bharatiya janatha party (BJP), the communist party of India(marxist) (CPI(M)) and various regional parties. From 1950 to 1990, barring two brief periods, the INC enjoyed a parliamentary majority. The INC was out of power between 1977 and 1980, when the won the election owing to public discontent with the corruption of the then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. In 1989, a Janata Dal-led National Front coalition in alliance with the Left Front coalition won the elections but managed to stay in power for only two years. As the 1991 elections gave no political party a majority, the INC formed a minority government under Prime Minister P.  V. Narasimha Rao and was able to complete its five-year term. The years 1996–1998 were a period of turmoil in the federal government with several short-lived alliances holding sway. The BJP formed a government briefly in 1996, followed by the United Front coalition that excluded both the BJP and the INC. In 1998, the BJP formed the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) with several other parties and became the first non-Congress government to complete a ful l five-year term. In the 2004 Indian elections, the INC won the largest number of Lok Sabha seats and formed a government with a coalition called the United Progressive Alliance (UPA), supported by various parties and 15th Lok sabha election 2009 has produced another coalition government named as United Progressive Alliance (UPA) with congress as the largest member of the coalition. India has a multi-party system, where there are a number of national as well as regional parties. A regional party may gain a majority and rule a particular state. If a party represents more than 4 states then such parties are considered as national parties. In the years since India’s independence, India has been ruled by the Indian National Congress (INC) for 48 of those years. The party enjoyed a parliamentary majority barring two brief periods during the 1970s and late 1980s. This rule was interrupted between 1977 to 1980, when the Janata Party coalition won the election owing to public discontent with the controversial state of emergency declared by the then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. The Janata Dalwon elections in 1989, but its government managed to hold on to power for only two years. Between 1996 and 1998, there was a period of political flux with the government being formed first by the right-wing nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) followed by a left-leaning United Front coalition. In 1998, the BJP formed the National Democratic Alliance with smaller regional parties, and became the first non-INC and coalition government to complete a full five-year term. The 2004 Indian elections saw the INC winning the largest number of seats to form a government leading the United Progressive Alliance, and supported by left-parties and those opposed to the BJP. In 2009 once again UPA won the elections and formed a government.

Pros and Cons of Social Networking Essay

There are many different pros and cons of social networks. Social networks allow for easier communication and allow people to make new friends. However, these sites allow pedophiles to groom kids and allow for bullying. Social Networking sites have allowed easier communication between family and friends. This means that instead of having to meet in a certain place to speak to your friends about school or what they are doing at the weekend, you would now be able to switch on your computer and go onto a social network such as Facebook or Twitter to do this. This reduces the chance of kidnappers of taking kids when they are walking to get their friends. This also reduces the amount of kids walking around the streets committing crimes. Social Networks also remove the problem of speaking to someone on the other side of the world and someone who follows a different religion. Inserted of just speaking to people from the same area as you, people can now speak to people from America to Australia who has the same interests as you. This allows people to make new friends and gives the world a more friendly society because more and more people are becoming friends across the world. These sites are also very interactive so you are able to upload pictures or videos, so you can see what your friends and relatives are up to. These sites also allow messages to be sent and received, which allows people to keep in touch. For example people may not speak to family members to often but because of Facebook they are able to have a chat whenever they want which allows for a better family relationship. These social networking sites can be taken advantage of by the wrong people. People could pass themselves as a sixteen year old girl but could actually be a forty year old man who is looking to take advantage of someone who will think they either know the person or they are the same age. As these pedophiles have the use of Google images or yahoo images they are able to post profile pictures of whatever or whoever they want and pass as that person. Even though we know this is happening there is no way to stop this  unless social networking sites were shutdown. These people will often go for young kids and are able to receive dirty pictures because they tempt the kids into doing these things. If u make your page open to the whole world to view pedophiles will use this to their advantage and take any pictures or videos you have uploaded for their personal use. Social Networks are also poorly censored. Kids, of a very young age, could end up downloading pornography or other unsuitable images. Kids will click on unsuitable images or videos but no warning will come up or something blocking people under a certain age to block this. However many people will lie about their age which will allow many very young kids the opportunity to view these unsuitable pictures. â€Å"Trolling† is also a major issue with social networking sights. â€Å"Trolling† is when someone posts rude or nasty messages on someone’s online forum, chat room or memorial page just to receive and emotional response from the readers. Trolls get a buzz from doing this on people’s pages and receiving responses as they think it is funny and they just love the attention they get from sending these messages. As Twitter and Facebook got bigger and bigger more and more trolls began to appear ruining sites and making people very upset. As the issue of â€Å"trolling† got bigger and bigger the police became more involved and have started jailing people. For example Sean Duffy, who wrote abusive messages on tribute pages for example a girl called Natasha MacBryde who was hit by a train. He also did this to many other pages. In the end he only received ninety weeks in jail. Like many trolls Duffy was unemployed and an alcoholic who spent his days sitting on social networking sites making people very upset. Even though we know â€Å"trolling† exists there is not much we can do to stoop it apart from not allowing people to view the tribute page or forum unless you know who they are. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/crime/8760504/Internet-troll-jailed-for-mocking-dead-teenagers-on-Facebook.HTML Cyber bullying is the main problem of social networking sites. Cyber bullying is when someone is threatened, harassed or humiliated using social networking sites, mobile phones or any other type of digital technology. Many people have either been cyber bullied of they have cyber bullied themselves. From the introduction of the big name social networks cyber bullying has become a very big problem. On sites such as Formspring people can post anonymous comments about people who they dislike which end up to people not wanting to leave there house or even committing suicide. For example Phoebe Prince, an Irish immigrant in America, killed herself after three months of bullying because she was dating somebody who was older then her. She was bullied through text message and Facebook. She hung herself because of who she was dating. Cyber bullying is very common and will never be stopped due to lack of supervision on these websites. http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/TheLaw/teens-charged-bullying-mass-girl-kill/story?id=10231357 In conclusion, social networking sites are have pros and cons but mostly cons. Even though these websites allow people to make lots of new friends they don’t actually know if the person they are talking to is actually who they say they are. Religions are able to mix but sometimes this is not a good thing. People will start posting racist comments and then arguments will start because someone follows Christianity but the person doesn’t like that religion so they become racist. Pedophiles thrive on pictures being posted and they also love using things such as the Facebook chat system to their advantage. Trolls make peoples life’s, who has lost someone they love, a misery so they can feel better. Bullies get a kick out of being a coward and ruining someone else’s life because they have their own problems. Therefore social networking sights are not good for the world and cause more anger and hatred than people getting along.

Americas role in GB economy essays

America's role in GB economy essays According to T.H. Breen the Americans were a part of a British consumer economy in the 18th century. Before America was even established as a country people were buying British goods. The wealthy Americans tried to copy the tastes and styles of the wealthy British. And with the American economy trying to get started it only makes sense that they relied so heavily on the British for economic ties. The 1740s were a key year in the American economy. It was during this time that British goods flooded the market. T.H. Breen brings out that, By 1772 the Americans were importing British manufactures in record volume. As a result of the growing number of goods entering the American economy it sparked the Americans to produce more things in order to pay for these goods. They began producing more tobacco, rice, indigo, wheat, fish, and tar. The products imported by the British in the beginning were mainly purchased by the upper class Americans. But as time went on there were signs of the lower class purchasing items. This shows that it was not a narrow market but rather everyone in America was fueling the British economy by buying their goods. As America was first starting out there was a definite struggle to get the economy started. The British saw America as an economic gold mine and took full advantage of that. With the Americans lack of production of certain items, therefore creating a dependency, there was a need for the British items as well as many Americans feeling a need to imitate the British style and luxuries. All in all the Americans played a part of the British consumer economy in the 18th century. ...

Free Essays on Internet Users Turn Addicts

If you're an Internet user, you know who you are. They are among all of us in society, although many may choose to not acknowledge that they too, frequently use the Internet. As I sit here and look across the street, I see a man in front of his own computer; the screen glowing against the window behind him. He does not use his personal computer for work, he is a farmer. He has become what is known as an "Internet Junky". The addiction begins innocently. At the start, you are not even aware of the possibilities that may form from your excessive computer use. You begin to take an avid interest in e-mailing with your friends and family. Once the novelty of keeping in touch with your colleagues wears off, and researching starts to bore you, you may possibly expand your computer usage to chatting. Yes, chatting. It is something that is becoming more acceptable in our lives, but it is still looked down upon by many skeptics. Chatting through the Internet involves choosing an appropriate nickname for yourself (IE: Fisherman), and then finding a room where you feel compelled to spend time in. Once you've entered the room, other fellow chatters may say, "Hello...a/s/l (age/sex/location) please." And so begins the addiction. Once you become involved in meeting people online, it is difficult to break such a habit. You may even make a daily habit of it. People have been found to carry out exactly the same behavior, not only across the nation, but across the globe. In any one room, you may come across people from five different countries of the world. Granted, not everyone who stays online for hours on end, are enveloped in chatting, but it is more often then not, the cause for Internet Addiction Disorder (IAD). (Goldberg, MD) The prevalence of Internet Addiction Disorder has been increasing in number, hence a support group, among many, The Internet Addiction Support Group (IASG) has been developed. IAD, a "maladaptive" pattern for Inter... Free Essays on Internet Users Turn Addicts Free Essays on Internet Users Turn Addicts If you're an Internet user, you know who you are. They are among all of us in society, although many may choose to not acknowledge that they too, frequently use the Internet. As I sit here and look across the street, I see a man in front of his own computer; the screen glowing against the window behind him. He does not use his personal computer for work, he is a farmer. He has become what is known as an "Internet Junky". The addiction begins innocently. At the start, you are not even aware of the possibilities that may form from your excessive computer use. You begin to take an avid interest in e-mailing with your friends and family. Once the novelty of keeping in touch with your colleagues wears off, and researching starts to bore you, you may possibly expand your computer usage to chatting. Yes, chatting. It is something that is becoming more acceptable in our lives, but it is still looked down upon by many skeptics. Chatting through the Internet involves choosing an appropriate nickname for yourself (IE: Fisherman), and then finding a room where you feel compelled to spend time in. Once you've entered the room, other fellow chatters may say, "Hello...a/s/l (age/sex/location) please." And so begins the addiction. Once you become involved in meeting people online, it is difficult to break such a habit. You may even make a daily habit of it. People have been found to carry out exactly the same behavior, not only across the nation, but across the globe. In any one room, you may come across people from five different countries of the world. Granted, not everyone who stays online for hours on end, are enveloped in chatting, but it is more often then not, the cause for Internet Addiction Disorder (IAD). (Goldberg, MD) The prevalence of Internet Addiction Disorder has been increasing in number, hence a support group, among many, The Internet Addiction Support Group (IASG) has been developed. IAD, a "maladaptive" pattern for Inter...

Mechanical Properties of FRP Composites

Mechanical Properties of FRP Composites Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composites are used in a wide variety of applications. Their mechanical properties provide unique benefits to the product they are molded into. FRP composite materials possess superior mechanical properties including: Impact resistanceStrengthStiffnessFlexibilityAbility to carry loads When designing products out of FRP materials, engineers use sophisticated composite material software which calculates the known properties of given the composite. Typical tests used to measure the mechanical properties of FRP composites include: Shear stiffnessTensileFlexible ModulusImpact Components of FRP Composite Materials The two major components of an FRP composite material is resin and reinforcement. A cured thermosetting resin without any reinforcement is glass-like in nature and appearance, but often very brittle. By adding a reinforcing fiber such as carbon fiber, glass, or aramid, the properties are vastly improved. Additionally, with reinforcing fiber, a composite can have anisotropic properties. Meaning, the composite can be engineered to have different properties in different directions depending on the orientation of the fiber reinforcement. Aluminum, steel and other metals have isotropic properties, meaning, equal strength in all directions. A composite material, with anisotropic properties, can have additional reinforcement in the direction of stresses, and this can create more efficient structures at lighter weights. For example, a pultruded rod having all fiberglass reinforcement in the same parallel direction could have tensile strength upwards of 150,000 PSI. Whereas a rod with the same area of random chopped fiber would only have tensile strength around 15,000 PSI. Another difference between FRP composites and metals is the reaction to impact. When metals receive impact, they can yield or dent. While FRP composites have no yield point and will not dent.

Perception about Studying of the Students Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Perception about Studying of the Students - Essay Example integration in respect of the students who attend the special schools. In the beginning of the journal, the focus is given on the rules and regulations made for such type of disability and students preferences. There is a qualitative method which is adopted in order to find out the truth behind such kind of debate and what is the main concern. A study is also taken where a pilot program is done. In this pilot program a mass of people who were disabled students of the respective ages required were taken. Firstly a group interview was taken, then a personal interview with each student. The group interview was focused on finding the main issues and perception of the students themselves. What they think about the further colleges. Then after the group interview, the personal interview further helped to bring out of more of the information which is their inner expectation and problems faced by them in entering the mainstream colleges. This study brought in itself the clarity and the findi ng was also shown to the participants. The results show mixed perception of the students. It is never asked to the students themselves where they want to go. Where the truth is that they wants to preferably wish to go to the special collages where they find themselves more connected and taken care in good manner. They also don’t want to learn from the LSA (learning staff assistant). They feel that the kind of The results show mixed perception of the students. It is never asked to the students themselves where they want to go. Where the truth is that they wants to preferably wish to go to the special collages where they find themselves more connected and taken care in good manner. They also don’t want to learn from the LSA (learning staff assistant). They feel that the kind of the information given to the other student should also be imparted to them and as per the researches shown that these assistants are not very qualified. Also the perception of the special students is more tilted towards learning in the special collages as they feel there they will not be treated specially as every student will have some kind of disability and they don’t want to feel different which ultimately affect their self-esteem. The most important thought which can be learned from this journal is that the students who have some kind of disability themselves do not wish to go and mingle with the mainstream college students. The journal has given very good information which shows that the student with disability is happier to be with same kind of people. The reason being that they get same importance, no feeling of being treated specially, no feeling disabled as some of the other disability is there in each student of special collages. It is also argued that the students with disability are not accepted easily within the mainstream colleges easily due to the change in the thinking of the normal students. They do not take them as friends in the same manner. Also ma ny times the student with disability has faced the teasing issues. These type of issues further loosen their confidence. These students need affection and acceptance which is not given easily in the mainstream colleges. These colleges also do not have all types of facilities as they are not mending as per the requirements of the special needs students. Thus we can say these types of students are right to prefer to be in the same environment where everyone understands the need and problems faced by special students. They tend to be more focused and get their requirements in the special schools which they do not get in the mainstream colleges.

1. What advantages or disadvantages will bring globalization to any Essay

1. What advantages or disadvantages will bring globalization to any small business To any large business To you as a citizen - Essay Example Globalisation in the 21st century is believed to have the ability to transform the political, economic and social environment of all member countries in the coming years. Thus, the paper tries to bring out the activities, both advantageous and disadvantageous, that result in general globalisation i.e. globalisation to both small and large businesses as well as citizens. This is the act of bringing together different people with different political, social and economic backgrounds and forming of one global community (Ghoshal and Bartlett, 2000). Behind the success of the process lies the economics of international trade, free market frameworks and investment. As earlier mentioned, globalisation encompasses integrating people from different settings, thus it bridges the gap between developing and developed nations as well as creates new cultural exchanges, business models, considerations and experiences within the participating nations (Ghoshal and Bartlett, 2000). The globalisation process began during World War II when Britain and USA leaders helped to establish the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank (WB) so as to encourage a capitalist world that is liberal and eliminate the Socialism and Marxism world (Nayyar 2000). Nayyar further affirms that the borrower of the loan from these organisations automatically qualified to follow the preset conditions i.e. reduce import barriers, eliminate financial backing for local-based industries, devalue their currency, put emphasis on export production as opposed to production for local consumption and reduce wages and expenditure on social wellbeing. These conditions resulted in a number of open economies developing a mechanism for integrating with other economies which led to the formation of the World Trade Organisation. Small businesses, small and medium enterprises or simply SME’s as referred to in the European Union (EU) and by other

Selling the Revolutionary Surf Ski in International Markets Assignment

Selling the Revolutionary Surf Ski in International Markets - Assignment Example 7 References †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 8 Executive Summary ABC Surfer has recently developed a new surf ski that can outperform all the existing skis and can be produced at a much lower cost. The surf ski's unique design and shell material is protected by a number of patents. Surf skiing is an international adventure sport with surf skier all over the world. Hence, it is in ABC Surfer's interest to expand into international markets to reach as many potential customers as possible. Surf skiing is comparatively a new sport but is gaining in popularity all over the world. Besides Australasia, the US is one of the major countries that hosts surf skiing events and has the biggest population of surf skiers. As such the US is not only one of the biggest market for surf skiing products, but also the fastest growing one. The countr y also has low barriers to entry, similar culture as Australia and a stable political and economic environment. As ABC Surfer looks to expand in international markets, the US comes across as an obvious choice. ABC Surfer must also carefully analyze and plan its mode of entry into the US market. Although the company has several options available, the need to protect its patented design means that it must discard licensing and joint ventures as possible options. Opening a wholly owned subsidiary or going for an acquisition is also not an available option at this time due to cost considerations. Keeping these factors in mind, the direct export mode of entry is best suited for ABC Surfer's international plans. It is recommended that the company should open a branch in the US to take care of day to day issues and importing, promoting and sales of the surf ski. Selling the Revolutionary Surf Ski in International Markets 1. Introduction The ABC Surfers is a premium Australian manufacturing company involved in the production of surfing equipment. The company has recently developed a surf ski, a revolutionary product that outperforms all existing surf skis in the market. The surf ski is designed for professional surfers and with its high level of performance can help professional surfers outperform their competitors. As the benefits of the sew surf ski become widely known, its demand in the surfing community is likely to rise steadily. Since the surf ski has huge international potential, it is important to ensure that the surf ski is easily available to surfing enthusiasts all over the world. Given the international nature of surfing as a sport, expansion into international markets is necessary to ensure that surfers all over the world have access to our surf skis. However, all international expansions must be carefully planned because a poorly designed international strategy can misfire and lead to huge costs. This report shall look at the most suitable market for ABC Surfer's international ventures and suggest the most suitable entry strategy. Surfing is a popular sport in many countries across Europe and Asia, but no country embraces the sport like the US. Hence, the US should be the obvious choice for ABC Surfers to make their international foray. As far as entry strategy is concerned, direct export is the best strategy at this time given the sensitivity of the technology related to the new surf ski as well as the cost considerations. 2. The American Market According to Westhead et al (2001), a number of factors must be qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed before deciding which market to

Compare Musical and Opera Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Compare Musical and Opera - Essay Example In comparing Musical and Opera, one can base the argument relating to their source, historical background, development and their evolution. However, this paper shall discuss the key features that compare Musicals from the Operas. In the present time, people fail to provide a clear distinction between the two, and instead define any form of entertainment performance with music as musicals, and some famous music singers confuse their musicals with Opera (http://www.aria-database.com/). Musical theaters currently referred, as ‘Musicals’ is a style used in theater, whereby the songs, dances, and oral dialogue integrate to narrate a story. In the contemporary world, a musical takes various forms as long as it aims at narrating a story. For that reason, musical could be a stage performance, a film/television presentation and it combines the modern and the known music styles and discourse in narrating the entire story (http://www.aria-database.com/). Opera is classified under a certain form of theater, in which a musical group and singers incorporates sheet music and â€Å"libretto† also known as the text in contemporary language to narrate a story. On the other hand, performance of musicals takes place in theatres. Presentation of musicals could be staged or televised. ... Another key difference between Musicals and operas is in terms of language used. While performing musicals, the audience understands the performance language. For instance, Musicals developed in England and America is performed in English regardless of whether the developer comes from non- English-speaking nations. Together with that, the singing, dancing, and dialogue follow the rules of the popular music, popular dance styles, and the modern dialogues. Musicals have three major characteristic; the brain, the heart and courage (Kagen, 1968). The Brain – in order to perform musicals, the developer should have required intelligence and necessary writing style. On the other hand, the heart calls for the genuine feeling while developing the story, and lastly, courage calls for one to have the ability, creativity, and boldness in presenting something. This is very different from an Opera, in that, there is comprehensive training of the singers, classical singers in this context, a nd they are required to memorize and present the song without making any translations (http://opera.stanford.edu/main.html). In addition, there are numerous well-known opera styles in different languages, for instance, the Italian Opera, the German Opera, Russian opera, French opera, and lastly English–language opera. The performance of each Opera takes a different style (http://opera.stanford.edu/main.html). Based on their production, musicals and Operas portray many differences. First, Opera upholds music as the livelihood of production, whilst musical depends on text written and the story narrated. In the modern time, the Operas are established on classical music. It relates the way one would visualize the Mozart’s classical music

Nonfiction Text and the Use of Graphic Organizers Essay

Nonfiction Text and the Use of Graphic Organizers - Essay Example One strategy for developing these skills in students is through the use of graphic organizers. Graphic organizers are communication devices used to show the structure or organization of concepts and the relationships between them (Ellis). They are visual tools that use visual symbols to denote ideas and concepts to convey meaning. They depict the relationships between facts, terms, and/or ideas. They are often referred to as a map because they help teachers and students map out ideas in a visual manner (Saskatoon). According to Ellis, the visual spatial arrangements which represent the information's structure reduce the cognitive demands on the learner. The learner need not process a lot of semantic information to understand the information. Graphic organizers are very powerful devices for students with language-based learning disabilities (Ellis). They are of course similarly useful, if not more so, for regular students who do not have learning disabilities. Being a visual tool, a graphic organizer allows the mind to see patterns and relationships in the information presented. One of the most common graphic organizers is the calendar. It is a descriptive matrix. At a glance it shows what month it is, the number of days in the month, what day of the week a certain date falls on, which dates fall on a particular day, and so on. The calendar helps the user gather, sift, sort and share information (Graphic.org1). Usefulness of Graphic Organizers As instructional tools, graphic organizers are very valuable because they are flexible and endless in application. They show the order and completeness of a student's thought process. They can immediately indicate strengths and weaknesses of understanding. They show different aspects of an issue or problem, whether it be the big picture or a part of it up close (Kipperman & McIntry). Graphic organizers are applicable across a wide range of curriculum subject areas such as reading, science, social studies, language arts, and mathematics (Saskatoon). However the effectiveness of graphic organizers lies in the ability of teachers teaching students how to use them efficiently. Especially in the area of non-fiction text, graphic organizers foster learning in reading, comprehension and vocabulary knowledge. The learner does not merely read a bunch of words but learns to understand the importance or lack of importance of these words, understanding the concept behind what is being read, det ermine a main idea and process relational information from there (Graphic.org2). Ellis identifies three compelling reasons for using graphic organizers. First, students will more likely understand and remember the subject content they are being taught. A graphic organizer highlights what is/are important, and separates these from those that are interesting but not essential. In other words, information tends to be more precise. Second, graphic organizers allow the teacher to expound on the content at more complex levels because the burden of semantic processing is greatly reduced. Showing instead of just telling students the information facilitates understanding. Third, students more likely become strategic learners with the use of graphic organizers, thereby improving reading and writing skills, communication skills, and analytical, critical, and creative

Compare Musical and Opera Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Compare Musical and Opera - Essay Example In comparing Musical and Opera, one can base the argument relating to their source, historical background, development and their evolution. However, this paper shall discuss the key features that compare Musicals from the Operas. In the present time, people fail to provide a clear distinction between the two, and instead define any form of entertainment performance with music as musicals, and some famous music singers confuse their musicals with Opera (http://www.aria-database.com/). Musical theaters currently referred, as ‘Musicals’ is a style used in theater, whereby the songs, dances, and oral dialogue integrate to narrate a story. In the contemporary world, a musical takes various forms as long as it aims at narrating a story. For that reason, musical could be a stage performance, a film/television presentation and it combines the modern and the known music styles and discourse in narrating the entire story (http://www.aria-database.com/). Opera is classified under a certain form of theater, in which a musical group and singers incorporates sheet music and â€Å"libretto† also known as the text in contemporary language to narrate a story. On the other hand, performance of musicals takes place in theatres. Presentation of musicals could be staged or televised. ... Another key difference between Musicals and operas is in terms of language used. While performing musicals, the audience understands the performance language. For instance, Musicals developed in England and America is performed in English regardless of whether the developer comes from non- English-speaking nations. Together with that, the singing, dancing, and dialogue follow the rules of the popular music, popular dance styles, and the modern dialogues. Musicals have three major characteristic; the brain, the heart and courage (Kagen, 1968). The Brain – in order to perform musicals, the developer should have required intelligence and necessary writing style. On the other hand, the heart calls for the genuine feeling while developing the story, and lastly, courage calls for one to have the ability, creativity, and boldness in presenting something. This is very different from an Opera, in that, there is comprehensive training of the singers, classical singers in this context, a nd they are required to memorize and present the song without making any translations (http://opera.stanford.edu/main.html). In addition, there are numerous well-known opera styles in different languages, for instance, the Italian Opera, the German Opera, Russian opera, French opera, and lastly English–language opera. The performance of each Opera takes a different style (http://opera.stanford.edu/main.html). Based on their production, musicals and Operas portray many differences. First, Opera upholds music as the livelihood of production, whilst musical depends on text written and the story narrated. In the modern time, the Operas are established on classical music. It relates the way one would visualize the Mozart’s classical music

Analysis of Terracotta Army Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Analysis of Terracotta Army - Research Paper Example   The artifacts are contained in three pits and so far, documented evidence indicates that up to 7000 warriors and weapons have been excavated by the archeologists. The artifacts contain foot soldiers and war chariots that are made from wood. Foot soldiers are basically lifelike figures that resemble human soldiers. In his study, Dillon indicates that the size of each warrior is approximately 1.8 meters (Dillon 43). Further, they are characterized by broad foreheads and thick-lipped mouths. A significant percentage of these have ornate hairstyles. Nonetheless, they generally show a distinct dedication and determination in their duties. This is because their eyes are directly focused ahead into some distance. The soldiers are also presented to be in a fighting position. Their positions are realistic and their eyes very bright. They have wide nostrils and muscular yet very strong legs. These attributes imply that the horses were well maintained and relatively serviceable. It cannot b e disputed that this particular population invested a significant percentage of resources in war. This also implies that the communities surrounding the region were hostile and equally invested in different wars in social security. The position of their hips and legs imply that they are ready to gallop. Notably, the artifacts show that there were two different types of soldiers; the artillery and infantry. The artillery soldiers are presented dressed in knee-length tunics and short trousers. In addition, they carry crossbows with them, ready to engage in a fight at any time. Seemingly, their uniforms were made from light materials, enabling them to move around with ease. Under battle conditions, these soldiers would probably be dispatched to engage in fighting at any time. The infantry faction, on the other hand, was heavily armored. In particular, they were presented while carrying swords. With respect to the mode of dress, Dillon cites that they wore shin guards and caps in additi on to their normal uniform (Dillon 77). Comparatively, they were also taller than their counterparts.  Ã‚  

Video Games and Violence Essay Example for Free

Video Games and Violence Essay Video Games and violence a topic that has caused many a spirited debate both in the classroom, and amongst parents and children. There are plenty of arguments both for, and against the issue. However, there is research out there that shows that large amounts of time spent playing violent video games can contribute to aggressive behaviors, poor academic performance, and desensitization to violence in adolescents. The debates all begin withviolent video games contributing to aggressive behavior both in and out of the classroom. Reports show clear evidence that exposure to violent video games increases aggression in terms of behavior, cognition, and effect, including serious real world aggression, and violence. (Kutner, Baer, Beres, Warner, Nicholi II, 2009). Things such as trait anger increase the odds. Violent game play was linked to high aggression in people that had high anger traits, as well as to a lesser extent to those with moderate and low anger traits. (Kutner, Baer, Beres, Warner, Nicholi II, 2009). Studies showexposure to M rated games is a strong and significant predictor for adolescents engaging in aggressive behaviors like bullying, and fighting. Results also showthat the results are dose related, meaning the more time the child spends playing the game the higher the odds. The numbers go up as much as 45%. M rated game play was an even stronger predictor for this behavior appearing in adolescent girls. (Kutner, Baer, Beres, Warner, Nicholi II, 2009). The classroom is also where the effects of violent video games can be seen. Concerns are rising among parents, educators and health care professionals that there is a dark side to 1 excessive game play. Studies show that parts of the brain that trigger feelings of addiction are activated during game play. Sign of video game addiction include lying about time spent playing, plummeting grades, loss of key relationships, scholarships, and isolation. Children begin to choose the game over participating in school activities, social activities, chores, and homework. For example a ninth grader plays a game with members of the group from around the globe, his parents tell him it’s time to get homework and chores done. The child sends an email to the group saying he is dropping off line. This causes chaos, he gets responses like† are you nuts! We are in the middle of a mission. † The group dynamic takes priority over everything else. An anonymous mother and physician tells of howher son went from a thriving student to user. His grades plummeted, he failed all his classes, lost his scholarship, and is now trying to rebuild his life. Membership becomes so important it becomes hard for the child to separate the fantasy from reality. The more they play the more they begin to identify with the character, and members of the group. Once this happens some type of intervention is usually needed. (Wagner, J. (2008). Professionals feel that violent video games can also contribute to desensitizing adolescents to every day violence, and human suffering. What are seen as horrific, and violent events are just an everydayoccurrence. Most people would never expose their children to violent, or mature content depicting killing law enforcement, and civilians. However, one of the most top cited, and played games among adolescents is Grand Theft Auto, which includes all of the above, and more . (Kutner, Baer, Beres, Warner, Nicholi II, 2009). Professionals feel games like this have an even greater effect on adolescents than slash, and gore movies. Studies show that games like Quake IIeffect how a child sees things after gameplay. If they were angry going into the game, it affected their outlook after gameplay. 2 The debates will continue on video games and violence. Will there be problems with every child? No, of course not. However, evidence is out there to support the fact that video games and violence cancontribute to aggressive behaviors, poor academic performance, and desensitization to violence in adolescents. Parents, educators and Medical professionals can work together to lessen the odds. However, monitoring, boundaries, and playing an active role in the child’s activities are still the best defense. 3. References Kutner, L. A. , Baer , L. , Beres Olson, C. K. ,in, E. V. , Warner, D. E. , Nicholi II, A. M. (2009). M-Rated Video Games and Aggressive or Problem Behavior Among Young Adolescents. Applied Developmental Science, 13(4), 188-198. doi:10. 1080/10888690903288748 Green, J. , Dunn, E. C. , Johnson, R. M. , Molnar,B. E. (2011). AMultilevel Investigation of the Association Between School Context and Adolescent Nonphysical Bullying. Journal Of School Violence, 10(2), 133-149. doi:10. 1080/15388220. 2010. 539165 Report, Wagner, J. (2008). When Play Turns to Trouble. U. S. News World 144(14), 51-53.

The consumer pull demand in packaged milk

The consumer pull demand in packaged milk As the topic of the research is The consumer pull demand in (Packaged milk) industry so it involves an in depth study about the nature of the consumer, taste the consumer likes, preferences of the consumer, brand loyalty and many other characteristics related to the consumer and as well as to the product. According to this research topic the most suitable research type suppose to be used is Descriptive Research. This will help to determine the target market and segmentation done in the beverages (packaged milk) industry. Descriptive research is most commonly used and the basic reason for carrying out descriptive research is to identify the cause of something that is happening. Descriptive research is used to obtain information concerning the current status of the phenomena to describe what exist with respect to variable or condition in a situation The descriptive research will further help to conduct descriptive surveys to identify the characteristics of consumers who purchase soft drinks, for example mostly consumers tend to live in larger cities; buyers are mostly youngsters, housewives, working people and so on; it will help to determine the market potential; it will help to identify the extent of differences in the needs, perceptions and attitudes of the subgroups. 3.2 Research Hypothesis The following hypothesis will be formulated and tested by the researcher. Ho: The impact of advertising will not effect on consumer demand. H1: The impact of advertising will effect on consumer demand. Ho: Consumer preferences will not be checked about the type of milk they buy. H1: Consumer preferences will be checked about the type of milk they buy. Ho: The reason why customers will not discriminate among different brands H1: The reason why customers will discriminate among different brands. Ho: Extent of competitive forces in the market will not be checked. H1: Extent of competitive forces in the market will be checked. Ho: To analyze the consumer trends not in the market. H1: To analyze the consumer trends in the market. Ho: To monitor the extent to which consumer demand will not be affected by core features of product. H1: To monitor the extent to which consumer demand will be affected by core features of product. 3.4 Theoretical Framework Diagram The theoretical framework has been made with the help of the variables which are related to the consumer pull demand in beverages (soft drinks) industry. With the help of the variables it becomes easy to the study about the relationship between different factors affecting the consumer pull demand. PRICING Market skimming Market penetration Target market Brand image Product Diversity Brand Consumer Choice Convenience Attraction Brand Image Sales External Factors Social Cultural Economic Legal Religious Government Packaging Brand image Eye catching packaging Usage status Advertising Consumer perception Consumer preferences Brand image CONSUMER PULL CONSUMER PULL Distribution Availability Need satisfying Brand image Consumer Buying Power High household income. More than one earning member. Brand image. 3.4.1 Variable Reference List Dependent Variable Consumer pull demand Independent Variable Market stage Distribution Advertising Pricing. Product diversity. Packaging Consumer Buying Power Selective Distribution Core Product Need Satisfying Availability Consumer Perception Consumer Preference Market Penetration Marketing Skimming Target Market Demand Usage Status Brand Image Eye-catching Packaging. External Factors. Product diversity. 3.4.2 Theoretical Justifications of Variables In the framework each variable is related to the consumer pull demand and they show that how each of them affects consumer pull demand in the beverages (milk industry) industry. The variable used market stage effects the sales of milk (packaged milk) industry. Market stage helps to determine the market situation and consumer behaviors according to the changes in the market situations. Market stage includes to determine market life cycle, consumer behavior, product demand which includes that whether the demand is inelastic or elastic and these all end up to see the sales of the soft drinks industry. After doing survey on these all components of the market stage the sales can be maximized. The second variable used in the theoretical framework is distribution this also helps in maximizing the sales in the packaged milk industry. Its very important to make the product available to all the locations so that consumers may feel ease in buying the product. Distribution helps to make the product available and convenient. Distribution also includes giving the time and place advantages to the consumers so that they are able to purchase the product because through all these ways product will be placed at every shop and consumers will have a good image about the product. This will help to increase the sales of the packaged milk. Packaging is a very important aspect in increasing the sales of a product. The packaging of the packaged milk will help the company to gain brand visual and brand identity. For positioning a product good packaging is very essential. Packaging helps to attract the consumers towards the product and from packaging. The product is differentiated from other products. So packaging is considered to be an important element for increasing the sales in soft drinks industry. Advertising is also an important element for increasing the sales of a product. Advertising can be done above the line (ATL) and below the line (BTL). Advertising can also be done through mediums such as television, radio, banners, billboards and newspapers. Advertising helps the product in gaining popularity. This will help to increase the sales. Pricing also helps for the success of the product. Pricing includes the strategies such as market skimming and market penetration. With the help of pricing it becomes easy to identify the target market and by this company can offer the prices which consumers are ready to pay. If the consumer finds the product reasonable so this is positive for the sales of the product. Product diversity plays an important role for gaining the increasing trend in the sales. Product diversity creates brand consumer choice and brand image, it also makes the consumers to get attracted towards the product. Consumers get variety in products so they dont get bore and they keep of buying new variety of products. External factors also increase the sales of the product. External factors include study on demographics, economic conditions, competition, social and cultural forces, technology and lastly the political and legal forces. In marketing external factors have a major influence on products marketing opportunities and activities. So the study of all related factors helps in increasing the sales in the soft drinks industry. 3.5.1 Examples The questions to be asked from the respondents would be based on their liking and what factors make them to buy their referred milk brand. Q1. Do you use packaged milk or loose milk? à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ ª If yes then why à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ ªIf no then why - Q2. Which milk brand do you use? à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ ªOlpers à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ ª Good milk à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ ª Nestle Milk Pak à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ ª Haleeb à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ ª other please specify - Q.3. which packaged milk do you prefer but unable to purchase due to other factors like expensive, health issues etc? à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ ªOlpers à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ ª Good milk à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ ª Nestle Milk Pak à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ ª Haleeb à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ ª other please specify - Q.4. you use packaged milk for which purpose? à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ ª Strong bones à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ ª Calcium à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ ª Diet conscious à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ ª Other Q.5. you prefer to buy your particular milk brand forà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ ª Disposal packaging à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ ª Expensive packaging à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ ª Attractive packaging à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ ª Health hazards issues à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ ª other please specify - Q.6. How often do you buy milk? à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ ª Daily à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ ª Bulk buying à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ ª Weekly à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ ª Monthly 3.5.2 Population, Working population and Planned sample The population of whole Pakistan is targeted for this survey. Working population is Punjab and planned sample is Lahore. The survey is limited to Punjab and further its restricted to the city Lahore due to the time constraints. As study is confined to Lahore only, therefore, the results may not be generalized well in other cities. 3.5.3 Sample Size Consideration For this study questionnaire will be made to be filled by a total of 100 consumers, living in different locations in Lahore. 3.5.4 Choice of Sampling Technique This is cross sectional study, which will be conducted in a natural setting and it will be covering both descriptive research and as well as causal. It will be based on primary and secondary research. The level of investigation in this study will be focused on the collection of data about consumer preferences in packaged milk industry. In this research the sampling technique used will be probability. And further under probability the technique used will be convenience sampling technique. Convenience sampling is useful in obtaining large number of completed questionnaire quickly and economically and large number of respondents can be obtained quickly. 3.5.5 Field work and Respondents profile This is cross sectional study, which will be conducted in a natural setting and it will be covering both descriptive research and as well as causal. It will be based on primary and secondary research. The level of investigation in this study will be focused on the collection of data about consumer preferences in beverages (soft drinks) industry. The relevant data will be collected through a survey. For this purpose a questionnaire will be designed and distributed among consumers. The questionnaire will include information regarding consumers personal preference, brand loyalty, taste preferences and other factors that attract the consumer. The target population will comprise of both male and female customers but mainly targeted to household wives because they better understand the values and needs of their household members, specially children and youngsters and by making their choice a preference they can judge more easily what they actually want. Consumption of milk is common in every age. For this study the target population will comprise consumers living in different areas of Lahore Chapter 4: Estimates, Analysis and Conclusion 4.1 Estimated Results Hypothesis Ho: The impact of advertising will not effect on consumer demand. H1: The impact of advertising will effect on consumer demand. Analysis From my findings and analysis from questionnaire and pilot study it is estimated that advertising will not affect the consumer demand so, Ho is accepted. 4.2 Analysis of Findings The ratio I found from my analysis is that the maximum age group ranges from 18-25 and 25-35, means that mostly the age group is young and can analyze the factors which can affect the consumer demands. Percentage of age group (35-45) is 22.3%, which is somewhat lower than the age group ranges from 18-35. Age group of 45-55 has a percentage of 8.0%. For above 55 percentage was 5.45 which was comparatively lower than the previous ones. Monthly income of household ranges till 30%, Mostly consumers has a monthly income above 50,000. And then percentage for income 25000-50,000 is 23.3%, for 10,000-25000 consumers percentage was 16.1% which was relatively lower than the30%. Valid percentage I found is 30.4% which for the income group of above 50,000.When I analyzed the occupation for consumers the result collected are that students has a frequency of 15 and their percentage is 15.0% of 100. House wives was the major target market for me so it has a frequency of 60 and percentage I found ou t is 53.6%, and valid percentage for house wives is 60.0, and most of the consumers were self employed the percentage for self employed consumers is 18.8% and their frequency is 21. Another ratio is 3.6% which is for businessman out of 100.and the valid percentage is for housewives which is 60.Percentage for male is 26.8% and frequency is 31. As questionnaire was designed mainly to target the housewives because preference for packaged milk was required, so they have a percentage of 61.6% ad frequency for female is 69.Marital status for married men and women is 59.8% with a frequency of 67, whereas for unmarried it was 29.5% with a frequency of 33.When consumers were asked that either they used packaged milk or loose milk or both the greater percentage is for both, packaged milk and loose milk as well, packaged milk has a percentage of 42.9% and that for both the percentage it is 46.4%.and there is a very small percentage for only loose milk. Consumers prefer to use both packaged mil k and loose milk for different purpose and in different ways.For a milk brand consumers has a higher percentage of 33.9 for Nestle milk pack with a frequency of 38 which is higher than olpers which has a frequency of 28 with a percentage of 25.0% which means that consumers are still loyal to their particular milk brand they try a new product for once but as their taste is developed through out so they are satisfied with their particular milk brand, whereas Haleeb has a percentage of 16.1, Good milk has comparatively lower percentage of 2.7 and consumers has other preferences as well such as flavored milk other than plain milk , they have different choices for milk . Percentage for other milk is 10.7% which includes Nurpur, Nesvita , Nirala and Dairy Queen and flavored milk as well. Higher percentage for Nestle Milk pack shows that still after facing a very tough competition in market with Oplers Haleeb and other competitors Nestle Milk Pack still has its own stand in the market and consumers still prefer Nestle Milk Pack. After analyzing almost 37.5% of the consumers prefer to buy Nesvita, Dairy Queen, Nurpur and Nirala if they are unable to purchase their particular milk brand due to health hazards issues and expensiveness. Although 25 consumers prefer to buy Olpers, and 11.6 % from them has a preference of Good milk whereas Haleeb has a percentage of 10.7 as compare to other brands. Almost 28.6% of the consumers buy their particular Milk Brand for Stronger bones and 33 of them buy for the purpose of calcium which can make your bones and body strong and fit, 17 of them were diet conscious. Consumer prefer their particular milk brand for health hazards issues with a frequency of 48, to avoid bacterial effects which are included in loose milk, 8.9% of consumers prefer their milk brand for attractive packaging which attract them through TVC, Billboards, adds in news paper etc. although 4.5% of them are status conscious and they buy their particular milk brand fo r Expensive packaging. Almost 69.6% of the consumers would buy their particular brand if their brand is changed into uncommon shape and with new features etc, and 18 of them with a percentage of 16.1 would not like to buy it. There are consumers who strongly agree that demand of their particular milk brand is affected by the price cut and their percentage is 14.3 with a frequency of 16.and 47 of them agree with this statement, whereas 34 of them are neutral about their decision whether the demand of milk brand is affected by the price cut or not, 34 consumers agree that their demand of buying a particular milk brand is affected by advertisement, and 64 of them does not agree. Although advertisement of a milk brand is very important for promotion and convincing consumers and giving awareness about their brand, through advertisement consumers can make the mind of consumers to buy their brand, 41 consumers are brand loyal thats why they buy their particular milk brand with a percentage of 36.6, and 23.2% are attracted towards advertisement for the brand and they buy their particular milk brand by watching TV commercials and through different mediums. Consumers are also attracted towards a milk brand for their packaging and their percentage is 24.1. Consumers ranked their quality of milk brand with a percentage of 61.6 and frequency for average is 7.this means that they are satisfied with their milk brand. And for packaging consumers also have a high percentage of 36.6. For pricing consumer has a preference 34.8 being the highest and 7.1 as satisfactory. Availability of their particular milk brand is good as highest percentage is 42.0. While buying milk 52.7 give preference to whiteness of milk, 38.4% gives preference to thickness, where as 50.0% prefer taste of their milk brand before buying and 46.6% of consumers prefer to buy a milk brand which is easy to use. Most of the consumers buy milk daily as their percentage is 51.8 with a frequency of 58. Whereas 24.1% of them do bulk buying, and 15 consumers consume milk weekly .Preference of household member is calculated which is 48 those who frequently ask and 25.9% ask their household member rarely before buying a particular milk and 17.9% of them never asked before buying a milk brand, reason being that mostly questioners were filled by the housewives and they are aware of choice and preference of their household members. Highest percentage of consuming milk is 1 liter and consumption for more than  ½ and 1 liter is 50.9%.and consumers like to buy a milk brand from any well reputed departmental store and 36.6% of them buy their milk brand from near by shop. After analyzing packaged milk there are consumers those who use loose milk and they use loose milk for various purposes like tea, desert, drinking etc with a percentage of 25.9. Consumers those who loose milk over packaged milk has an issue of price as their percentage is 28.6, because price of loose milk is comparatively lower than th e packaged milk. And most of them use loose milk for availability purpose as well with a frequency of 14. 4.4 Limitation of the Study The study is limited by the following factors: The study is confined to Lahore only. Therefore, the results may not be generalized well in other cities. There are many other variables which affect consumer pull demand but will not be considered in this study. It is difficult to determine the precise sample size. The consumers may vary in their interpretation of question 4.5 Conclusion People consume milk in fresh dried and concentrated forms; in grocery stores most commonly sold product to consumers is liquid milk. All types of milk (pasteurized, sterilized, UHT, Packaged) or in bulk are required in a country or locality. New packaging system of milk is a popular and for practical purposes packaged milk powders. From my analysis and finings of questionnaire, pilot study and regression analysis I found out that 58.0% consumer consume milk, and widely used packaged milk is Nestle Milk Pack with a percentage of 33.9. People have different preferences and tastes and they consume milk according to them, consumers also use flavored milk for e.g. chocolate milk, Pakola etc but their percentage is low as compare to plain liquid milk. People living in well developed and posh areas of Lahore like Defence and Gulberg have more preferences of taking packaged milk, while people with lower income bracket prefer to take milk from milk-man. Biggest reason what I find is the exten t and the level of prevailing competitiveness in the milk industry. The marketing plans are of key importance in this regard. Consumers are attracted more to the good that is marketed well. There are many advantages of packaged milk, delicious, hygienic, Status symbol and prevailing prices are justified. Milk is one of the essential diets for every age, it helps building strong bones, and milk is loaded with eight essential vitamins and minerals which are very important and plays a vital role in a human body, and percentage of consumers those who buy milk for health hazards issues are 42.9, and 29.5% of consumers buy milk for disposal packaging, this shows that consumers are quite conscious about their health issues and at the same time they prefer to buy milk which can help them preventing from bacterial affects like cholera, malaria and Diarrhea etc. price but is not affected for consumers because they have to drink milk, and if prices are increased people cannot stop drinking mil k but they adjust accordingly. Although advertising do matters for consumers to know more about their product, and children are attracted towards the jingle that now-a days milk brands are using in their advertisements, because children are more attracted towards packaged milk than loose milk reason being the taste of the packaged milk is more tastier than loose milk packaged milk is healthy, and has no bacterial affects as compare to loose milk. References: Attitude and Usage Trend Study (AUTS). Chocolate Milk. Beverage Usage Attitudes among Consumers. May 2001. International Dairy Foods Association. Milk Facts. 2000 Edition. Washington, D.C.: International Dairy Foods Association. November 2000, p. 34. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration. Code of Federal Regulations. Title 21, Chapter 1, Part 131 (Milk and cream), Subpart B (Requirements for Specific Standardized Milk and Cream). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. Revised as of April 1, 2000. Childrens Chocolate Milk Survey. Prepared for National Dairy Council by McDonald Research, Inc. May 1998. Tomashek, K.M., S. Nesby, K.S. Scanlon, et. al. Commentary: nutritional rickets in Georgia. Pediatrics 107(4), April 2001. e45. http://www.pediatrics.org/cgi/ content/full/107/4 Kreiter, S.R., R.P. Schwartz, H.N. Kirkman, Jr., P.A. Charlton, A.S. Calikoglu, and M.L. Davenport. Nutritional rickets in African American breast-fed infants. J. Pediatr. 137: 153-157, 2000. Guthrie, H.A. Effect of a flavored milk option on a school lunch program. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 71: 35-40, 1997. Anderson, G.H. Sugars and health: a review. Nutr. Res. 17(9): 1485-1498, 1997. The American Dietetic Association. Position of The American Dietetic Association: use of nutritive and nonnutritive sweeteners. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 98: 580-587, 1998. U.S. Department of Agriculture and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Nutrition and Your Health: Dietary Guidelines for Americans. 5th edition. Home and Garden Bulletin No. 232. Washington, D.C.: U. S. Government Printing Office, 2000. Guthrie, J.F., and J. F. Morton. Food sources of added sweeteners in the diets of Americans. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 100: 43-51, 2000. Washington State Dairy Council 1998, Revised National Dairy Council 2001. Think Your Drink. 2001. National Dairy Council. A protective effect of dairy foods in oral health. Dairy Council Digest 71(1): 1-6, 2000. http://www.nationaldairycouncil.org/ NationalDairyCouncil/ Gibson, S., and S. Williams. Dental caries in pre-school children: associations with social class, toothbrushing habit, and consumption of sugars and sugar-containing foods. Caries Res. 33: 101-113, 1999. Bowen, W.H., and S.K. Pearson. Effect of milk on carcinogenesis. Caries Res. 27: 461-466, 1993. Dehkordi, N., D.R. Rao, A.P. Warren, and C.B. Chawan. Lactose malabsorption as influenced by chocolate milk, skim milk, sucrose, whole milk, and lactic cultures. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 95: 484-486, 1995 Andrew. M. Novakovic.(1995) Testimony of Fedral Dairy Policy, Cornell University Syracuse New York. Anthony Bennett, Frederic Lhoste, Jay crook and Joe Phetan.(2005) The Future of Small scale Dairying. David Zahn, LLC Windsor Road. E, North Heaven CT. Diana Beccue Brown, (1987) Consumer in Search of Value. FAO (1996) Milk and Milk products Marketing Milk Processing. Narvasana. Lewis. H. Haney, (1920). Integration in Marketing. Vol 10.No 3. (sep,1920),pp.528-545

Enigmatic Lights On The Moon :: essays research papers

Enigmatic lights seen on the Moon are a classic example of a Fortean enigma. Called transient lunar phenomena (TLP), they have been a mystery and a source of wonder to skywatchers since the earliest times. And yet, as astronomer Peter Grego points out, despite a wealth of detailed observations we seem no closer to an understanding of what these anomalous flashes are. Not long after the telescope was invented at the beginning of the 17th century, astronomers came to realise that the Moon, our only natural satellite, was not as dynamic a world as the Earth. The dark lunar tracts which early astronomers had somewhat optimistically called "maria" (seas) turned out to be nothing more than deceptively smooth plains of solidified lava. Much to astronomers' disappointment it became apparent that there were no appreciable expanses of water, though the new romantic marine nomenclature was retained, regardless - names like Mare Crisium (the Sea of Crises) and Oceanus Procellarum (the Ocean of Storms) were given in a vain attempt to grant the Moon an air of mystery and excitement. In reality, the Moon's surface appeared solid and unchanging. The Moon possessed no appreciable atmosphere and there were no detectable signs of lunar life; the Church breathed a sigh of relief, having been spared the embarrassment of attempting to explain why the book of Genesis forgot to mention that our sister planet was teeming with the products of DNA. This initial impression of the Moon as being a barren and entirely dead world has been propagated in the astronomical literature ever since Galileo first published his observations in 1610.2 It seems, however, that the Moon has been receiving unjustifiably bad astronomical press for nearly three centuries, for reports of its long-standing status rigor mortis have been greatly exaggerated. Lunar observers (mainly amateurs) have noticed that the Moon's surface is occasionally host to anomalous transient lunar phenomena (TLP) which have assumed a variety of forms, including isolated flashes or pulses of light, coloured glows and obscurations of portions of the lunar surface. Just why the science of astronomy has been unwilling to accept that our satellite occasionally displays obvious signs of activity is almost as big a mystery as TLP themselves. There is no shortage of TLP having been observed by reputable astronomers. William Herschel, one of history's greatest astronomers - he discovered the planet Uranus in 1781 - observed a red glow in the vicinity of the crater Aristarchus on 4 May 1783, at a time when that feature was situated on the unilluminated lunar hemisphere.

Humboldt Squid

Humboldt Squid Dosidicus gigas Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Mollusca Class: Cephalopoda Order: Teuthida Suborder: Oegopsina Family: Ommastephidae Genus: Dosidicus Species: Dosidicus gigas Ecological Geographic range: Receives its name from its main location – the Humboldt Current This current is found in the East Pacific Ocean region The Humboldt squids are sometimes found along the coastal region of California, Oregon, Alaska and Washington Generally, found about 2,300 feet below surfaceEnter shallow waters to lay eggs Trophic level: Sharks, dolphins, whales, tuna swordfish, many types of rays as well as an abundance of crustaceans, mollusks, fish of all   sizes, and other cephalopods such as octopus can be found in the food web of the Humboldt The Humboldt is occupies a relatively high trophic level It feeds on krill and small species of fish Predators:Sperm whales, sharks, seals, swordfish, and marlin feed on Humboldt squids of all sizes, while gulls and larg e fish often capture juveniles Parasites include Chromidina elegans, a ciliate protozoan that lives inside the renal organs of the Humboldt Life Cycle: Average life span is 1 year; however, some can live up to 2 years Spend much of their short life in the ocean’s oxygen-minimum zone Come up at night to feed After 200 days, the squids reach sexual maturity They die shortly after mating Physiological Development Bilateral symmetryArms and tentacles – 8 arms and 2 retractable tentacles Mantle – hollow structure and so internal organs are all exposed directly to the ocean water Funnel – water is pumped from out of the mantle to the funnel, which allows squids to move Fins – are used for both maintaining position and generating thrust Chromatophores – tiny elastic sacs of pigment. The Humboldt squid can turn their entire bodies from red to white to red again in less than one second Digestive system: Complete and ciliated Mouth, anus and complex s tomachUse of a duck like beak to break up food A radula or ribbon horn found on the tongue directs the food down the esophagus Food is taken up by cells lining the digestive glands arising from the stomach and then passed into the blood Excretory System Undigested materials are compressed and packaged and discharged through the anus into the mantle cavity and carried away by ocean currents Excretory functions are carried out by a pair of nephridia (tubular structures that collect fluids from the coelom and exchange salts) Respiratory system:Contains three hearts to support the constantly moving lifestyle of the squid Hemocyanin is the copper-rich respiratory protein that transports oxygen throughout the body Circulatory system: complex, closed circulatory system (reason why they can move fast) contains two branchial hearts at the base of the gills which send unoxygenated blood through the gills A third ventricular heart then pumps oxygenated blood throughout the body (blood turns bl ue when oxygenated, colorless before) Nervous system: Highly developed and sensitiveBrain consists of two fused nerve centers that are linked down the length of the body by two giant nerve axons The giant axons transmit nerve signals quickly Interesting fact – the squid’s nervous system is connected to structures called statocysts. These vesicles let the animal to orient itself to a gravitational field, allowing the squid to remain aware of its orientation and movement in a three-dimensional manner Reproductive strategies Highest fecundity of any cephalopod Reach sexually maturity after 200 days of life Timing and location of eggs is still guesswork for most scientists Sexual reproductionSemelparous reproduction (reproduce once in their lifetimes and die shortly after) Female Humboldt squids can have about 10 million eggs; however, the most to have been found has been between half a million and a million eggs After the eggs are laid, there is no further parental invest ment Kurth, J. and M. Garzio 2009. â€Å"Dosidicus gigas† (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed March 18, 2013 at http://animaldiversity. ummz. umich. edu/accounts/Dosidicus_gigas/ â€Å"Squid. † The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2012. Encyclopedia. com. 18 Mar. 2013. Humboldt or Jumbo Squid Fact Sheet – National Zoo| FONZ. † Smithsonian: National Zoological Park. N. p. , n. d. Web. 18 Mar. 2013. â€Å"Humboldt Squid. † BioWeb. N. p. , n. d. Web. 18 Mar. 2013. â€Å"A Humboldt Squid Dissection Guide for Educators. † The Gilly Lab. N. p. , n. d. Web. 18 Mar. 2013. â€Å"Humboldt Squids: Systems. † Shorecrest Preparatory School. N. p. , n. d. Web. 18 Mar. 2013. â€Å"Humboldt  Squid. † Squid-World. N. p. , n. d. Web. 18 Mar. 2013. â€Å"Squid Sex and Babies. † Squid Sex and Babies. N. p. , n. d. Web. 18 Mar. 2013. http://theseasproject. weebly. com/uploads/5/3/8/4/5384258/5500235_orig. png? 243

Costs and Direct Labor Cost

Midterm2Practice Key 1. The following data have been recorded for recently completed Job 501 on its job cost sheet. Direct materials cost was $3,067. A total of 30 direct labor-hours and 104 machine-hours were worked on the job. The direct labor wage rate is $12 per labor-hour. The company applies manufacturing overhead on the basis of machinehours. The predetermined overhead rate is $11 per machine-hour. The total cost for the job on its job cost sheet would be: A. $4,571 B. $3,757 C. $3,090 D. 3,427 Applied manufacturing overhead = Predetermined overhead rate x Actual machine-hours Applied manufacturing overhead = $11 x 104 Applied manufacturing overhead = $1,144 Total cost = Direct materials + Direct labor + Applied manufacturing overhead Total cost of Job 607 = $3,067 + (30 x $12) + $1,144 = $4,571 Loraine Company applies manufacturing overhead to jobs using a predetermined overhead rate of 70% of direct labor cost. Any underapplied or overapplied overhead cost is closed to Cost of Goods Sold at the end of the month. During August, the following transactions were recorded by the company: 2.The amount of direct materials cost in the August 31 Work in Process inventory account was: A. $10,200 B. $9,000 C. $4,800 D. $4,200 3. The Cost of Goods Manufactured for August was: A. $69,600 B. $69,500 C. $76,900 D. $84,500 4. The balance on August 1 in the Raw Materials inventory account was: A. $4,500 B. $7,000 C. $9,000 D. $11,500 5. Schrick Inc. manufactures a variety of products. Variable costing net operating income was $86,800 last year and ending inventory increased by 1,900 units. Fixed manufacturing overhead cost was $6 per unit. What was the absorption costing net operating income last year? A. 86,800 B. $75,400 C. $98,200 D. $11,400 Fixed manufacturing overhead deferred = $6 x 1,900 = $11,400 Absorption costing net income = Variable costing net operating income + Fixed manufacturing overhead deferred = $86,800 + $11,400 = $98,200 6. Ben Company produces a s ingle product. Last year, the company's net operating income under absorption costing was $4,400 lower than under variable costing. The company sold 8,000 units during the year, and its variable costs were $8 per unit, of which $3 was variable selling expense. Fixed manufacturing overhead was $1 per unit in beginning inventory under absorption costing.How many units did the company produce during the year? A. 12,400 units B. 3,600 units C. 7,120 units D. 7,450 units Unit fixed manufacturing overhead = (Difference in income / Change in inventory) = $4,400 Change in inventory = $1 Change in inventory = 4,400 units Units produced during the year = 8,000 units sold – 4,400 units change in inventory = 3,600 units Ross Company produces a single product. The company has direct materials costs of $8 per unit, direct labor costs of $6 per unit, and manufacturing overhead of $10 per unit. Sixty percent of the manufacturing overhead is for fixed costs.In addition, variable selling and a dministrative costs are $2 per unit, and fixed selling and administrative costs are $3 per unit at the current activity level. Assume that direct labor is a variable cost. 7. Under absorption costing, the unit product cost is: A. $24 B. $20 C. $26 D. $29 Unit product cost = Direct materials + Direct labor + Variable manufacturing overhead cost + Fixed manufacturing overhead cost = $8 + $6 + $10* = $24 * Manufacturing overhead cost of $10 includes variable and fixed costs. 8. Under variable costing, the unit product cost is: A. $24 B. $20 C. $18 D. 21 Unit product cost = Direct materials + Direct labor + Variable manufacturing overhead = $8 + $6 + [$10 x (100% – 60%)] = $8 + $6 + $4= $18 9. Viren Corporation has provided the following data from its activity-based costing system: The company makes 240 units of product T91H a year, requiring a total of 550 machine-hours, 90 orders, and 40 inspection-hours per year. The product's direct materials cost is $16. 98 per unit and its direct labor cost is $12. 09 per unit. According to the activity-based costing system, the average cost of product T91H is closest to: A. $79. 66 per unit B. 90. 81 per unit C. $29. 07 per unit D. $75. 70 per unit 10. Data concerning three of the activity cost pools of Bramhall LLC, a legal firm, have been provided below: The activity rate for the â€Å"meeting with clients† activity cost pool is closest to: A. $125 per meeting hour B. $65 per meeting hour C. $80 per meeting hour D. $665,500 per meeting hour Kleppe Corporation has provided the following data from its activity-based costing accounting system: The â€Å"Other† activity cost pool consists of the costs of idle capacity and organization-sustaining costs that are not assigned to products. 1. How much indirect factory wages and factory equipment depreciation cost would be assigned to the Customer Orders activity cost pool? A. $240,000 B. $72,000 C. $68,000 D. $480,000 12. How much indirect factory wages and f actory equipment depreciation cost would NOT be assigned to products using the activity-based costing system? A. $0 B. $68,000 C. $280,000 D. $200,000 13. In this problem, there are three possible overhead allocation bases: direct labor (present system), machine hours (the proposed system), and number of batches.First, calculate product costs under each of the three allocation schemes: (a). Direct labor cost as the allocation base (present system): Bluethings 120,000 . 50 $60,000 95. 238% 342,857 60,000 $462,857 $ 3. 857 Graythings 6,000 . 50 $3,000 4. 762% 17,143 3,000 $23,143 $ 3. 857 Total 126,000 Number of units Direct labor/unit Direct labor cost % of total direct labor cost Overhead allocated Direct material cost Total cost Unit cost $63,000 360,000 63,000 $486,000 (b). Machine hours as the allocation base (proposed system): Bluethings 120,000 600 200 20 4000 95. 38% $342,857 60,000 60,000 $462,857 $ 3. 857 Graythings 6,000 30 200 1 200 4. 762% $17,143 3,000 3,000 $23,143 $ 3. 857 Total 126,000 Number of units/year ? number of units/batch Number of batches/year x number of hours per batch Number of machine hours/year % of total machine hours Overhead allocated Direct labor cost Direct material cost Total cost Unit cost 4200 $360,000 63,000 63,000 $486,000 (c). Number of batches as the allocation base: Bluethings 120,000 600 200 50% $180,000 60,000 60,000 $300,000 $2. 50 Graythings 6,000 30 200 50% $180,000 3,000 3,000 $186,000 $31. 0 Total 126,000 400 Number of units/year ? number of units/batch Number of batches/year % of total batches Overhead allocated Direct labor cost Direct material cost Total cost Unit cost $360,000 63,000 63,000 $486,000 Notice that allocating overhead by either direct labor or machine hours produces identical product costs. Thus, the proposed system change will not affect decision making. There are two cost drivers in Set-up Company. Unit volume drives direct materials and direct labor, but set-ups (number of batches) appear to drive overhead costs.Allocating overhead using direct labor gives an incorrect impression of how overhead costs vary and distorts product costs. Overhead costs are incurred in setups. While run times per unit of thing is the same for blues and grays, batch sizes differ considerably. In fact, bluethings and graythings each required 200 batches. Therefore, each product line (as opposed to each unit of product) should be allocated an equal dollar amount of overhead. If this is done, then graythings become massive losers and bluethings are seen to be profitable, even with market price of $3 per unit.

Descriptive Paper About Memphis

â€Å"THE CITY OF MEMPHIS† The city of Memphis is located in the western corner of the state of Tennessee, and the county seat of Shelby County. Memphis is the biggest city in Tennessee, and the third largest in the United States. The residents of Memphis are referred to as â€Å"Memphians†, and the Memphis region is known as the â€Å"Mid-South†. Downtown Memphis sits along the banks of the Mississippi River. Several large parks are scattered throughout the city, the most popular one is called the Overton Park. Also located in downtown Memphis is the Mud Island Monorail. It is used to transport people from the streets of downtown, across the Mississippi river to Mud Island Park, which is a park that sits in the middle of the Mississippi river and is completely surrounded by water. Memphis has humid subtropical climate. The summer weather is so hot that sometimes it’s hard to catch your breath, it gets very unbearable. The fall and spring are very nice weather wise. The winters are cold but not as cold as Iowa. During the winter it may snow just enough to cover the grounds. Many musicians grew up in and around Memphis. These included such musical greats as Elvis Presley, Three 6 Mafia, Jerry Lee Lewis, Muddy Waters, Carl Perkins, W. C. Handy, B. B. King, and many more. Memphis is full of talent, It is known for everything such as singing, dancing, acting, raping, writers and athletes. Memphis has one of the nicest Triple A baseball stadiums in the country. Memphis is also known for its cultural events. The largest celebration the city has is Memphis In May. The month long series of events promotes Memphis’ heritage. The four main events are the Beale Street Music Festival, International Week, The Sunset symphony, and The World Championship Barbecue Cooking contest, which is the largest pork barbecue cooking contest in the world. In April there is an event in downtown Memphis called Africa In April. Africa in April as a three-day long festival with vendor’s markets, fashion showcases, blues showcases, and international diversity parade. The festival was designed to celebrate the arts, history, culture, and diversity of the African diaspora. Memphis is such a large city that it is broken down into small areas such as South Memphis, Whitehaven, Westwood, Orange Mound, North Memphis, and East Memphis just to name a few. Memphis is a very exciting place to live. There is always something to do or some were to go.